Registered Nuts – A Night in the Life of an ER Nurse

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I’ve ceased with the pre-shift ritual of meditating in my parked truck along with a soothing piece of music. No more prayers to God en route to work asking for more patience, more humanity, more understanding. I have accepted the fact that it will be no different than any other night in the Emergency Department, no matter if I blare Yanni’s rancid piano etudes or make a promise to God to pass out my own body parts to the discharged patients as they leave. Nothing will change. I use to look forward to making a difference in someone’s life, helping a poor soul whose body has given out. Those moments are few and far between now. Instead, I resign myself to the fact that the next 12 hours will be spent pasting a fake smile on a tired body, going through the motions of caring, repeating ready-made lines of false concern and giving out medical advice that fall on deaf ears. I use to feel important in my role as Charge Nurse at a major ER of an inner-city charity hospital. Now, as I sit in my truck at 6:45 in the evening, gangster rap blaring, I send out a quick impromptu message to God….. “Please God, allow me the opportunity to be gainfully employed 12 hours from now.”

7:02 PM-

I receive a quick report of the clingons and leftovers who haven’t made it out of the department by change of shift and to no surprise to myself and the night crew, a few names are all too familiar and the reports of their latest “illness” easily recitable from memory. The usual apologies from the day crew for not getting them out before we arrived go unnoticed. A shrill screech from one of the psych beds startles no one. We all just look up from within the “safe” confines of the nursing station, confirm that our overweight security force is camped out beside the room, shake our heads briefly and go on about our business. We go through the ritual of taking our own baseline vital signs, popping a few Xanax and removing sharp objects from our pockets. Patient safety is important and we wouldn’t want to accidentally stab one of them repeatedly in the chest.

7:17 PM-

My primary job aside from direct patient care is triage. Initial interview, vital signs, brief medical history, current medical problem, current medications, height, weight etc etc. My first of 35 or so fits the typical profile of this or any other ER in the country. 40 year old, female, morbidly obese, diabetic, hypertensive, multiple psych meds, very little English, less common sense, no means to pay. She complains of the usual nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and generalized abdominal pain. She’s already spent thousands of dollars of other people’s money last week for the same complaint. She didn’t fill her scripts, didn’t follow up with her Gastroenterologist as requested and by no means was this 300 + lb, truffle hunting leech going to alter her diet one iota in order to prevent another attack of diverticulitis. Her idea of a “Clear Liquid Diet” was a bucket of chicken and bowl of menudo an hour prior to her arrival. So here she is, totally oblivious as to why she is still sick. Non-compliant with her meds, non-compliant with the discharge instructions, follow up or diet instructions, which included a bland, low-fat, liquid diet for a few days until she was able to tolerate semi-solid/or solid food.

She bitches profusely when she is not brought straight back and put into a bed, instead she is sent back out to the waiting area for a lengthy wait. We are full and busy with the truly “emergent” patients but she can’t seem to fathom this. She barrels through the exit door, into the waiting area calling me every name in the book (in Spanish) and swearing to never come back again. “PENDEJO!”, she mutters. Oh, she’ll be back.

“NEXT”!

7:31 PM-

My 3rd patient is a 23-year-old mother of 3, the oldest being 10. She has somehow mistaken our “EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT” for a pediatric clinic and wants her brood “checked out” because they feel “hot.” No temperature ever taken at home, no Tylenol or Motrin given before the decision was made to spend $1500.00 of other people’s money and to waste our time babysitting 3 snot-nosed, unkempt ankle-biters who are no more sicker than the man in the moon. I usher them one at a time onto a scale for weights and am not surprised that each is twice the size they should be at their particular ages. One, I have to pry finger foods and a “Big Gulp” from their obstinate little mitts prior to the weight so as not to inadvertently add 5 lbs to his already triple digit reading. The electronic scale beeps incessantly and reads, “ONE AT A TIME, PLEASE.”(Ok, not really) With all their vitals being normal they are ushered out into the waiting area where they eagerly pounce on the furniture and run around like the defensive line for the Attention Deficits.

I am verbally attacked by my obese belly pain lady, who has “been waiting for hours” (uh, how about 20 minutes). I instantly notice the “positive Cheetos sign” on her fingers and around her lips and remind her that the sickest are seen first and to have a seat. She tosses me a “Pincha Pendejo” and rumbles back to her seat. I sneak in a quick call to God asking that he makes sure she looks before she plops back down in her chair(s). I can hear the intercom announcer now, “CODE BLUE TRAUMA, ER WAITING ROOM.” I mentally picture the scenario of the code team spending the next hour removing baby Julio from the rectum of a 300-lb verbally abusive Hispanic woman.

“NEXT”!!

9:21 PM-

I’ve survived the dinner crowd with my job intact and make my way back to the treatment area to assist the rest of my team in the treatment of the patients who were lucky enough to make it back ahead of the non-emergent riff-raff. I make my way to the EMS radio station when I hear…..”Unit 842 code 2 patient report”….we have a 102 year old nursing home patient,….found unresponsive on the floor….no IV….she’s now awake, combative, confused, covered in stool, incontinent of urine, blah, blah, blah…” The report from the nursing home prior to her EMS transport reveals that this patient had a tendency to “dig out stool from her rectum when constipated.” “Oh, that’s just friggin lovely”

9:25 PM-

The waiting room intercom a buzz……”I beeen waiting for 10 hours, you pendejo…you piece of….” Click!

9:33 PM

Our lovely elderly finger painter arrives, covered in poop from head to toe. EMS personnel smirk as they wheel her by, updating us as to any changes en route. Nope, no changes, except that now she’s given up the fight and is again unresponsive and her breathing more shallow. In an instant her breathing stops and is immediately rushed to trauma 1 where CPR is initiated. “CODE BLUE ER-1, CODE BLUE ER-1.”

9:57 PM-

“Time of death, 9:55” is belted out by the code team leader. “She never stood a chance.” “It was her time.” “She had a long and good life.” Blah Blah Blah Blah. She had a horrendous death. Born covered in amniotic fluid, but certainly a proud moment for her parents one can be sure. She died, however, covered in shit, piss and bedsores. The nursing home where she spent her remaining days in agony and perpetual loneliness should be burned to the ground. No family, no attention, nowhere near as prominent and proud as she once was. Left to waste while the understaffed workers at Our Lady of the Perpetual Petri Dish took their extended breaks and pillaged through her personal belongings. A courtesy call to the nursing home is placed telling them that Mrs. Mullins will not be coming back and has been transferred to the ECU (Eternal Care Unit). I hear, “Whew, thank God…..CLICK.”

10:22 PM-

Our usually bevy of drug-seeking, bipolar, depressed, suicidal, Xanax, Vicodin, Demerol hounds arrive as scheduled with multiple and varied complaints of, migraine headaches, chronic back pain, stress, anxiety, fibromyalgia, blah, blah, blah….!

They are easy to spot, almost always familiar, with the same ole’ story. Most we know on a first name basis. They are all, coincidentally, allergic to the same medications; Tylenol, Motrin, Vistaril, Toradol, Aspirin or any other non narcotic or harmless placebo we’ve attempted to quell their “pain” with in the past. The only thing that works is “Demerol” and they must have a large supply of Vicodin in the form of a prescription when they leave. (Vicodin has Tylenol in it but apparently doesn’t cause a severe allergic reaction when mixed with euphoria,….go figure!)

Security is usually called, for to tell them “no drugs tonight” is just asking for a fight. $1000.00 later of other peoples money and they usually leave with their buzz on and their script for Vicodin. But usually not before asking for a “shot for the road” or additional scripts for anxiety (preferably Xanax) or sleep aids. 30 pills are often the number of pills given, depending on the frequency of the prescribed dose. This usually last a few days for the typical drug seeker and then they’ll usually return with more “pain” and a hungry monkey.

In the age when Doctors are sued for both under treating pain OR for prescribing too many narcotics and “getting them addicted”, we medical personal are caught up in the proverbial “catch 22”. More often than not I have been written up and on several occasions was at a point where my job was in jeopardy because I challenged their pathetic lies whenever these low-life drug addicts invaded our ER’s. Now I just shut up, shake my head and pray for an overdose.

11:12 PM

Waiting Room intercom is ringing off the wall. “…how long will I…….can you tell me where I am on the list……Donde esta su Doctor…….I can’t find my child……..the dingo ate my baby…..PINCHE PEDEJO, I BEEN HEER FER TWO DAYS AND MY ASS FEELS LIKE SOMEONE POURED SALSA RIGHT UP MY……….click.

Midnight in the garden of good (for nothings) and the evil (doers)-

After a flurry of non emergent triages, (sore toe, “the shakes”, anal abscess, foreign bodies in the nose, ears and stomach of a 2 year old, blah blah, blah) I call in an astute, well dressed, middle aged white male, who is walking quite gingerly and refusing to sit. Differential diagnoses race through my head, back pain, abdominal pain, rectal abscess,. or perhaps….no!….NO!……NOOOOOOOOOOO!

Yes!

The story goes (and it is a common one) that he and the Mrs. were “experimenting” in bed (against his wishes, no doubt) when a vibrator was jammed in his keester and is now painfully out of reach. Given the nature of the “injury” he is whisked back to a private room, placed on his side, lubed up like a 57 Chevy, and a valiant effort is made to retrieve the 12 inch “perpetrator with ribs” from his large bowel. All to no avail. At one point we had a hold of the foreign body (actually, it was made in the US) but the colon wouldn’t let go of it’s new found cylindrical friend. We tugged, twisted, yanked, pulled, all efforts proving futile. Finally the physician stopped, exhausted from the tug-o-war match, with the forceps, commonly used to removed big headed babies, protruding from the prominent lawyers butt, he made the decision to call in the surgical team. All efforts to remain professional, however, fell by the wayside when, during a moment of silence, a low buzz was detected in the room. Had the blood pressure cuff inflated? Were the incandescent lights buzzing? Was the TV on?

No, no and no. We looked at the forceps and noticed they were vibrating uncontrollably, instantly realizing at that point that this thing was STILL ON. A mad rush by the scant crew to the exit door of the private room was attempted as to not embarrass this local professional with our boisterous laughter. No dice.

We will all eventually be written up and apologies made for our “unprofessionalism and disregard for the patient’s privacy and mental well being”.

That’s ok. We needed that to preserve our own mental well being. Still proving that laughter is still the best medicine.

1:02 AM

Ten triages later and its dinner time for this mentally worn crew. We retrieve our food, locate it to the middle of the nursing station and we eat. Not all at once, mind you but usually a bite at a time. Eat a French fry, go wipe an ass in ER-1, a bite of a Big Mac, go clean up cherry cool-aid flavored vomit in ER-4, a sip of Dr Pepper, then physically restrain a combative Scitzo-effective patient. By 2:15 we have polished off the last bite of a hardened burger, ate our last stale French fry and sucked down the last gulp of our watered-down soda. A soda that is now as warm as fresh urine and food that is as cold as Mrs. Mullins in ER13.

2:30 AM-

Ahhh, my favorite time during the entire shift is upon us. The “Last Call at the local bar crowd” (LCLBC) start to pour in to the front entrance, while EMS brings the ones who got the shit kicked out of them through the back ambulance entrance. “Santa Rosa, this is unit 842….we are coming code 2 trauma with a 19 year old male…..closed head injury….intoxicated…combative….soiled….bloody…..no insurance…..blah, blah,blah.

The same ole song and dance spews from this patients bloodied spout as he is wheeled into Trauma-2……”I was just minding my own business”……”I only had two beers”…..”I don’t do drugs”….. “Can I get something to eat?” “RAALLLLLLPHHH!” “Housekeeping to ER Trauma-2, Housekeeping….”

2:31 AM-

“Dear Lord, If ANYONE can make time travel possible, it’s you, God.” “Pleeeese, send me forward to 7 AM.

3:03 AM-

Patient waiting room intercom is screaming………..”CLICK”…….”BANG, BANG, BANG”.

3:15 AM-

I am ushered into the staff break room for a “time out” and reminded by the night supervisor that the cost of the intercom will be deducted from my paycheck.

4:18 AM-

Our portly female beast of a woman is finally ushered back to a room but not before mumbling under her breath as she brushes past me, “Pendejo”! A major “abdominal work-up” is ordered. 40 lab tests, urine tests, stool cultures, abdominal x-rays, Cat Scans, blah, blah, blah……She’s placed in a gown that looks like curtains stolen from the Grand Ole Opry, and given the reminder “Opening to the back, please,” tossed in for good measure. (“Lord, give me the strength to………..Oh forget it, never mind”)

She’s given a URINE cup as she bounces her way to the bathroom. She fills it with STOOL. “Housekeeping to ER, STAT.”

Can’t find a blood pressure cuff large enough so we must take a chance at an erroneous reading by placing it around her calf or forearm. The hydraulic bed grunts and groans with ever twitch and shift from this woman of substances. She continues to bitch and moan and will eventually file a complaint with (in) human resources, I am sure. Multiple attempts at IV access finally yields a vein that hasn’t been choked off by the mass of arm fat and IV fluids are initiated. After a quick assessment by the ER physician she is off to radiology, with a little 120 lb tech pushing 600 lbs of patient and bed up to the 3rd floor for a series of $3000.00 radiologic exams. X-rays that were done just last week and that she has no intention or means to pay for. It would have been easier (and cheaper) had she driven to Sea World instead. Certainly more accommodating for a woman of her stature.

5:57 AM-

Multiple early morning stragglers are triaged and sent to wait. The foul odor of urine, poop, BO, booze, vomit, etc, permeates the air. “One Hour Left”, I thought. We get all the results of the voluptuous Ms. Hinojosa’s tests back and surprise, surprise….”Diverticulitis.” Perhaps this time she will be compliant with her meds, compliant with her diet, compliant with her follow up, compliant with life. “Fat chance,”I thought. (Pun intended).

Her IV is removed and a half gallon of fat globules ooze from the harpoon hole. She is hoisted off the bed with the help of several departments within the hospital; half of who will call in sick tomorrow with severe back spasms. The battered stretcher which now resembles a low-rider after a major accident is towed to the back for repair. Ms Hinojosa is discharged but not before requesting a breakfast tray. Request denied.

Off she goes to the local “Taco Cabana” for a flurry of assorted breakfast tacos and a bowl of menudo. “She you in a few days, Ms Hinojosa.”

“Pinche Pendejo!”

6:47 AM-

The dismal faces of the morning crew are evident as they reluctantly make there way in, some still in mid-prayer, the newer nurses with walkman’s on, listening to ocean waves or cricket noises saturated with Muzac. A quick report is given to the mentally exhausted night crew and apologies made for the missing bed in ER 3 and the dead body in ER-12.

7:07 AM-

Each member of the night crew, each with a phone in hand, are awaiting the instant the clock strikes 7:08 where, with lightning speed, a flurry of buttons will be punched to clock out, ending another horrendous but typical night in the ER.

7:47 AM-

I pull up to my apartment and sit quietly in my truck. I recall the night’s events and wonder if I had made any critical errors in care or judgment. I mentally prepare for the answers to the complaints made the night before by this unique ER culture of ignorant, non-compliant, abusive, poor, helpless, drugged-up, psychotic, dregs of society.

I say a prayer for Mrs. Mullins and her family and curse all those who’ve abused the system in the last 12 hours, spending thousands upon thousands of dollars of other people’s money but contributing nothing to society what-so-ever. Once I deem that I will have a job come 6:45 that evening, I ease my tired body and shattered mind out of my vehicle, meander up to my apartment and into bed, hungry, frustrated, angry. Where I will fight the demons for an hour or so until I am able to fall asleep. I don’t. I am woken by a dream whereby the ER staff are all patients in the waiting room on a busy night. I am called into the back where a 500-lb female nurse is ripping my clothes off with one hand and swinging a 6 foot rectal scope in the other like a pair of numchucks in a Bruce Lee movie. The alarm clock sounds and I immediately spring up and grab my ass, praying that a 6-foot proctoscope isn’t dangling precariously from it. It’s not. I breathe a sigh of relief and make my way to the shower and into another fateful night of chaos and mayhem.

6:43 PM-

I pull up to the ER, park my truck and sit. I clip on my name badge, giggle as I read our “Mission statement” tattooed on the back. “To extend the healing ministry of Christ,” it reads, and I take a minute to ponder that statement. I smile, acknowledge it’s powerful and profound meaning and bow my head to pray.

“Lord, today, give me your divine power to accept my responsibilities within this ministry. I pray that…”

Just then a beat up delta 88 rolls by on two wheels, with a definite lean to one side. I watch as they take up two parking spaces in the “staff” lot and out pops Ms Hinojosa. I cringe. She leaves a trail of urped-up fajita and menudo through the patient parking lot, into the physicians parking area, towards the ER entrance. Anger churns inside me and I hang my head, looking down at my badge and the mission statement on the back. I try desperately to find the peace and pride I felt just 2 minutes earlier and I resume my prayer……”Lord,….I just…….If you could only find it in your heart to…………OH FORGET IT!!!!!……. NEVER MIND.”

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Source by Michael Wayne Brown

Muscle Car Restoration – The Tools You Need

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The truth is that there are a lot of tools that will be needed during a car restoration. In this article I will not be talking about how to set up a shop, but rather the tools that you need to restore your car at home. We all know that this is a big job, so get ready to get down and dirty.

The very first suggestion that I will make, is that you absolutely must have a garage to do the work in. It doesn’t need to be a huge outrageous garage, just a place where you can leave your car for a while that will keep it out of the weather, this will not be a fast process.

The garage that you work from also needs to have power, this is also a must. You can’t possibly do all of the work with hand tools. There are a few tools that I will suggest that you could live without if you have to, but most of them will be a must.

It would also be a nice idea to have heat in your garage, this will make it more comfortable to do your work. Below I will add a list of the tools you will need to restore your classic car. This list may not cover all of the tools, but it will cover most of the ones that are a must.

Let me also give a warning here, it you are one of those people who think that everything has to have a time limit, and that time limit must push you to move the job along quickly, this my not be that much fun for you, it will take a lot of time.

List Of The Tools That You Need To Do A Car Restoration

1. This is a must have, you will need an air compressor that can handle the work load that you will through at it.

2. You will need a full set of wrenches, both metrics and SAE.

3. You will need a ratchet, and a full set of sockets.

4. You will need a full set of screwdrivers.

5. You will need a 5″ air grinder.

6. You will need a 1/2″ and a 3/8″ breaker bar, and sockets to use with them.

7. You will need a full set of pry bars.

8. You will need air lines to connect your tools to the air.

9. Optional it is always nice to have a drop light when you need it.

10. You will need paint guns to spray the primer with, I do not suggest low dollar spray gun, get about a mid range brand name gun.

11. You will need air files for shaping the body filler that you will be using.

12. You will also need long hand file boards, the shaping is always better when it’s done by hand.

13. You will need body hammers and dollies to take out dents with.

14. Optional you should have a uni-spotter nail welder to pull dents also, a good brand to look at is stinger.

15. You will need a die grinder, this is an absolute must if you have rust, or dents that require you to cut out the area to fix the problem.

16. You will need a mig welder, this is another piece of equipment that is not an option, it is a must. Do not by a no name welder either.

This may not be all of the tools that you will need, but it should get you well on your way to getting the job done in an efficient manor. You should not have to look for tools every time you turn around if you have these basic tools.

The other thing that I always harp on is safety, you should always do you work with another friend around so in case something happens during the process and you need help. The key idea here is to have fun, and do the job in a safe manor.

Car Restoration

Muscle Cars

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Source by David Atkin

How Does a T1 PRI Really Work?

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Here’s a brief description of the difference between T1 voice vs PRI…

PRI or Primary Rate Interface is a switched service delivered OVER a T1 connection . If someone were to say “I want to order a PRI to location X.” What is being requested is a connection to a trunk side module capable of ISDN protocol to a Telco switch delivered to location X via a DS1 rate (T1) circuit.

Now if someone were to say “I want to order a T1 to that SAME location X.” … well… That wouldn’t be enough info… A T1 from where to where? A T1 for what? By just asking for a T1, nothing is understood or implied about where or what the circuit would be used for. A T1 can be used to truck data at the rate of 1.544 Mbps from one location to another… With channel banks and appropriate DS0 level cards, a T1 can be used to truck up to 24 separate and distinct DS0 signals (analog data, analog voice, or Digital Data Service) from one location to another… A T1 can be used to connect one location to an ISP Internet Edge device to connect a customer to the World Wide Web… In other words, a T1 is a multi use pipe….

With a point to point T1 you can use it for voice and/or data depending on the equipment you have at each end. They are basically just providing the “Pipe” and it is up to you what it is used for.

The thing with T1’s and PRI’s is it all depends on what equipment is connected to it on each end.

As quoted above, a T1 is just a 24 channel circuit that can be used for multiple things. A PRI is a protocol that uses the 24th channel to control what the other 23 channels are used for.

In a nutshell – a T1 has 24 channels using 56K for data and 8K for signalling. A PRI has 24 channels and uses 23 for data and the 24th for signalling. Also you can break down the channels on a T1 for different type of service. On the PRI all 23 channels have to be the same.

The features…. or lack of…. totally depend on where the circuit is going and what it is connected to on the other end.

Keeping it on simple terms….

PRI is a different protocol to be used with voice services over the T1 line. Where as a t1 line can also be used for voice but without using the PRI protocol and probably using different equipment at the other end to get the dial tone….

Of course….there are a lot more technical details dealing with ISDN lines (PRI’s/BRI’s) but you’ve got the basic idea.

The simplest approach to finding the best solution is to request infrastructure design and rate quotes for PRI and/or T1 voice service…. comparing providers available in your area….using the free consultative support of: FreedomFire Communications. Getting expert consultation in this manner will save you time, effort, frustration….and money.

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Source by Michael Lemm

Do You Have Plastic Shopping Bags In Front Of The Radiator?

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I went out to the mailbox one morning to mail a letter.

I noticed the local sanitation truck losing several plastic Wal-Mart shopping bags.

About an hour later this guy pulls up to the shop.

His car was running hot…steam was coming from underneath

the hood.

The temperature was 110o in the shade and the humidity was

so heavy you had to have a machete just to walk around

outside…well, maybe not that thick, but it was heavy.

We raised the hood on his Thunder Chicken. “Even Ford’s

get hot in this kind of weather,” I stated.

The engine had cooled down, some, so I removed the cap from the radiator…

it was just barely low of coolant.

I told him to crank the engine and I put some water in it,

then we’d look for a leak.

As I was spraying water on top of the radiator to cool it,

I noticed a blue plastic bag, in front of the a/c condenser.

I showed it to him.

“There’s probably the reason she heated up,” I told him as I pointed to it.

“I was following a garbage truck earlier,” he said, “but

I passed him cause some trash was falling out.”

“Well, you helped him,” I said as I removed not one, but

three of the plastic shopping bags.

“How’s that?” he asked.

“You’ve been picking up what he was losing.”

He thanked me and said, “If she starts heating up again,

I’ll be back,” with a grin as he drove off.

I guess that cured it, cause he never came back.

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Source by Tommy Sessions

Funny Car Stereotypes – What Your Car Says About You

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Toyota Camry. – People who drive the Camry tend to be safe, practical and very responsible. The Toyota Camry is a no-nonsense sedan that gets you from point A to point B every time; it’s well acclaimed for its reliability. Drivers of the Camry may also be family oriented since this sedan is very practical for families,.

Smart Car – Anyone who rides around town in super small vehicles like the Smart Car tend to be extremely individualistic and secure. It takes a lot of inner strength and a good sense of self in order to drive such a teeny tiny car amidst a sea of SUV’s and monster trucks. A guy who drives a Smart Car is strong minded and not easily swayed by peer pressure

Mercedes Benz – These cars tend to be driven by those who have been successful in their chosen profession. Some may be business owns while others may be professionals such as engineers, pharmacists and attorneys. People who drive a Mercedes are generally concerned about image and status. Not only are they successful; they want the world to recognize it as well. The three pointed star makes an entrance and is often interpreted as a sign of financial success.

Ford F-150 – These tend to be driven by tough guys who want to display an image of masculinity and toughness to the world. These men are rugged and don’t let anyone mess with them. It’s not just guys who drive trucks though; plenty of women dig trucks nowadays too. Women who drive trucks tend to be no-nonsense take charge types who may be tomboys.

Toyota Prius -Any individual who drives a Prius is preoccupied with fuel efficiency and thus fiscally responsible. The Prius gets an astounding fifty miles per gallon. So even though it may not look as “cool” as a monster truck or a fancy Mercedes, this vehicle is probably three times more efficient. Prius drivers tend to drive slower than most though (from personal observation and experience). It’s not exactly a race car.

BMW- Most people who drive BMW’s tend to be yuppies. For some reason, BMW drivers have a tendency to be more aggressive on the road. Drivers like to show off their horsepower by speeding up and weaving in and out traffic without using turn signals.

We hope you’ve had as much fun reading this list as we did compiling it. This list is for entertainment purposes only and not meant to offend anyone in any other way. After all, a car is only a form of transportation designed to take you from one place to another.

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Source by Jacqueline Star

The Difference Between Vertical Integration and Horizontal Integration

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Vertical Integration

With a vertical integration strategy, a company takes control of a larger part of its supply chain. This type of integration is broken down into backward and forward vertical integration, with backward integration involving merging with, acquiring, or tightening relationships with downstream suppliers, and forward integration with upstream distributors.

An example of backward vertical integration would be a retail business that sold bagged gourmet coffee beans purchasing a company that roasted and bagged the beans. A company that made high quality chocolate acquiring a retail confections business would be an example of forward vertical integration.

Pros and Cons of Vertical Integration

Vertical integration gives a company more control over the various aspects of the value chain from the raw materials to the consumer. It usually results in lower costs and improved quality control, as the company in question oversees a wider range of activities and can set their own prices raw materials.

The drawback to vertical integration is lack of resilience and flexibility. If a farm that normally supplies you with goods is struggling, you can always switch to a new supplier. If you own the farm, those problems are yours now, and your struggling farm will put you at a competitive disadvantage in your industry.

Horizontal Integration

Horizontally integration involves merging with or acquiring other companies that provide the same goods or services. If you owned a health food store, for example, you would acquire more health food stores in different locations. In similar fashion, a guitar string manufacturer in Chicago might merge with one in Cleveland to create a more robust company. Often times, companies acquire their competitors in this way to grab a larger share of the market.

Pros and Cons of Horizontal Integration

Horizontal integration is a cost-effective way of expanding, as it is less costly to purchase an existing business than to start another one from scratch. Horizontal integration becomes more lucrative as a company grows in size, as the relative cost of acquiring new businesses becomes a smaller percentage of total revenues.

One disadvantage of horizontal integration is that losses from a recently acquired business may cut into the profits from an existing one. For this reason new acquisitions must be made only after careful scrutiny. Buying up every competitor in sight may seem like a great idea, but without due diligence it could easily backfire.

A decision to expand via vertical or horizontal integration should only be made after careful consideration of all available options and their potential risks and rewards.

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Source by Joel S Hunt

How to Start Your Own Concrete Cutting Business

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You can start your own business, and be your own boss, as a concrete cutter. Concrete is usually cut, by big powerful hand held cutting machines, with diamond tip cutting saw blades, that are portable, and you can carry in a trailer or back of a pick up truck.

Lots of home owners and construction people need concrete cut with a straight line, and don’t usually have their own concrete cutting machine to do the job. Someone remodeling their driveway may want to cut a section out with a straight line, that is where you can come in, and offer them your concrete cutting services. You can look for new concrete cutting machines on the internet, and you can also look for used machine in heavy equipment catalogs and magazines, or also online. You can rent a machine from equipment rental stores, but it would be cheaper to buy your own, as soon as you can afford to.

You can contact people in the construction business, like cement workers, concrete pavers, bobcat and dump truck owners, etc…, and let them know you are in the cutting business. You can offer them a commission for any jobs they send your way. Make sure you have nice signs on your vehicle so customers can call you when they see you out cutting concrete on a job.

You can market and grow your business so that you have someone else running the concrete cutting machine, while you’re getting more jobs. Later you can add services like concrete coring and drilling.

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Source by Vince Stead

Auto Air Conditioning Repair 101

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When your car or truck A/C is not blowing “cold air”, the first thought is to panic. $$$$ signs are going through your mind. Your A/C is broken and the repair is going to be expensive. This article takes the mystery out of automotive air conditioning and serves as a primer so that you can make common repairs yourself and save MONEY on professional repairs.

A/C Principles

There are books and publications that contain volumes of information on the subject of air conditioning repair. This information is often too technical for the you to learn how-to fix your auto air conditioning system.

In the nutshell, here is all that you need to know about the fundamentals of refrigeration so that you can fix your auto air conditioning system yourself.

Air conditioning is the process in which air inside the passenger compartment is cooled, dried, and circulated. Heat is removed from inside the vehicle and transferred to the outside air.

All air conditioners whether, it is an auto A/C, household refrigerator or home HVAC, work on the same principles. Namely, a liquid refrigerant is changed to a gas and then back to a liquid. If a change-of-state of the refrigerant is to take place, heat transfer must take place. The two (2) rules that apply to refrigerant are:

1. Refrigerant in a gaseous state collects, absorbs, and holds heat.

2. Refrigerant in a liquid state releases that heat.

A/C Operation and Components

For your auto A/C to blow “cold air”, R-134A refrigerant must pass through and change state in three (3) components, one (1) receiver-dryer, and one (1) expansion valve that makes up the closed auto air conditioning system. The components of the system are:

1. Compressor – A device that pressurizes the heated refrigerant..

2. Condenser – A radiator for refrigerant that transfers the heat that was absorbed in the passenger compartment to the cooler air.

3. Evaporator – Is a small radiator located under dash in the passenger compartment. Liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator creates a pressure loss. The liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the air blowing across the evaporator. It then boils and changes state to vapor before it enters the suction port of the compressor.

4. Receiver-Dryer – Is a canister that stores the liquid refrigerant when the compressor is not running. It contains a desiccant that removes moisture from the system.

5. Expansion Valve – Is a metering device that controls the amount of refrigerant to the evaporator.

A/C Quick Check

A check that can easily be made to check the health of the A/C system is the “feel check”. With engine running, turn the auto A/C control to “ON” and the blower on “high”. Take a test drive to warm the engine until the A/C system pressures stabilize. Raise the hood. With the A/C “On”, locate the large tubing connected and routed from the compressor (low side) to the expansion valve (inlet side) of the evaporator. Next, locate the small tubing that is connected to the discharge-side of the compressor and routed to the outlet side of the evaporator. When you feel these two (2) lines, you should observe these results:

1. The low-side line should feel “cool” to the touch.

2. The high-side line should feel “warm” to the touch.

If the high-side tubing is not warm and the low-side is not cool, further tests will have to be made as the system is not doing any work. There is an internal problem; such as, a defective component or a leak in your A/C system.

Testing A/C System

Before system temperature tests can be made, a checklist should be followed (below) to setup for testing the A/C system:

1. Set the A/C “ON-OFF” switch to “ON”.

2. Set the temperature control to “maximum cooling”.

3. Set the blower on “high” or the highest number on the control switch.

4. Temperature inside passenger compartment should be stable and getting cooler.

5. Engine speed must be a minimum of 1500 rpm’s.

6. All windows should be be in the “UP” position.

Check Temperature

Your compact car or truck has a small capacity A/C system and a loss of “cooling” would be more noticeable than a larger capacity auto A/C system. If a noticeable loss of “cooling” capacity is noticed, a temperature check at the vent registers should be made. This check can be made with an instant read or digital temperature thermometer.. The discharge air from the vents in the passenger compartment should range from 38 to 42 degrees F.

A/C System Diagnosis

Assuming that the discharge air test measured at the vent registers is out-of-range, a system pressure test will have to be made. Professional A/C technicians connect a tool known as the manifold gauge set to the “low” and “high” side service valves of the system. For you to diagnose and look inside the A/C, it will be necessary to become proficient in the use of the manifold gauge set.

A manifold gauge set that is suitable for the needs can be purchased at most auto supply stores and Internet A/C tool and supply store fronts for less than $50.00. TIP: Look for a gauge set that has a built-in sight glass.

Locate the “low” and “high” side service valves.. Connect the hoses (they are a snap connector fit) to the service valves in the following manner:.

1. Connect the blue hose of the gauge set to the “low-side” service valve of the compressor.

2. Connect the red hose of the gauge set to the “high-side service valve of the compressor.

3. The yellow hose of the gauge set is connected to a vacuum pump or a refrigerant can to add refrigerant to the system. The yellow hose is not connected to the system at this time.

Static Test

If you find an out-of-range temperature reading, the manifold gauge set should be installed on the “low” and “high-side” service valves. With the engine “OFF” and the compressor and clutch not engaged, the blue “low-side” and red “high-side” gauges should show equal readings of approximately 80 to 120psi. These readings would indicate that there is a refrigerant charge in your A/C system. If the readings were 50psi on each gauge, this would indicate that there is refrigerant in the system but a LOW CHARGE. If the readings were 10 to 20psi on each gauge would indicate that there is little or no refrigerant in your A/C system.

Engine Running Test

Start the engine,.turn the A/C switch”ON” with the blower on “high” and run for a minimum of fifteen (15) minutes. Observe the reading on the manifold gauge set. TIP: A manifold gauge set with a built-in sight glass (mentioned above) will save you diagnostic time as most A/C systems do not have a sight glass built-in the receiver-dryer on the high side of the system.

With this feature, you look for bubbling refrigerant oil and refrigerant in the sight glass on the manifold. Oil moving through the glass would indicate that the compressor and clutch are engaged. Refrigerant is being moved from the low-side throughout the A/C system in the refrigeration cycle.

Low Charge

With the engine running, A/C switch “ON”, and the manifold gauge set installed, a “low-side” pressure reading of 20psi over 150psi would indicate that your A/C system has a LOW CHARGE. The low reading of 150psi on the “high-side” gauge would be the tell tale that the system is doing very little work. A LOW CHARGE usually is an indicator that there is a refrigerant leak from a component on the “low” or “high-side” of the A/C system. A refrigerant leak in the system would have to be repaired for the A/C system to blow “cold air”. TIP: REFRIGERANT DOES NOT WEAR OUT, IT LEAKS OUT. Some symptoms to look for a LOW CHARGE condition are:

1. Compressor clutch short cycling.

2. Clutch will not engage.

3. Little or no cooling.

4. Oily residue on hoses and components.

Leak Checking

For your A/C system to blow “cold air”, refrigerant leaks will have to be found and repaired. Usually, leaks in an A/C system are minor and can be fixed with a screwdriver or hand tools. Most A/C systems use schrader valves for easy connection of the manifold gauge set. That said, these are no more than overgrown bicycle valves that use a valve core. When you are checking a system, the valves are the first place check for a leak. Other targets; such as, oil residue on hoses connected to the compressor is the second place that should be checked. TIP: When tightening the bolts to the suction and discharge ports of the compressor with hand tools, do not over tighten. Rubber 0-rings are placed on the suction and discharge ports of the compressor for sealing. The seals will create a leak when over tightened. Only tighten snug.

When your A/C system has a LOW CHARGE, a refrigerant charge will have to added to check for the leak. Refrigerant that contains a dye for leak checking a system is used for this purpose. The manifold gauge set, refrigerant, and a can tap valve will be needed to add refrigerant to check for a leak in the system.

Connect the manifold gauge set as discussed above. Connect the yellow hose to the can tap valve and front seat (turn clockwise) the valve. Close the blue gauge on the manifold gauge set. Open the valve on the can tap valve. Slowly open the valve on the blue or “low-side” gauge and let the refrigerant flow from the refrigerant can into the system until you see a reading of 60psi on the “low-side” gauge. TIP: Placing the refrigerant can in a pan of hot water will allow the vapor refrigerant to enter the A/C system quicker. WARNING: Do not invert the refrigerant can. Doing so will allow liquid refrigerant to enter the system resulting in a ruined compressor.

Professional A/C technicians use an electronic leak detector to find leaks in an system. Use a battery-powered UV leak detector kit and special UV glasses. This kit can be purchased at auto supply stores and Internet A/C supply store fronts.

The UV glasses should be worn when checking for leaks. Simply place the tip of the detector on a fitting or connection to each component to be checked in the A/C system. When a leak is found, a light greenish color will be seen through the UV glasses.

Air Flow

An often overlooked cause of your A/C system not blowing “cold air” is debris that clogs the condenser. Bugs, plastic bags, and leaves from city and highway driving will prevent air from passing through the fins of the condenser. The condenser should be cleaned with a cleaning solvent. Bent fins on the condenser should be straightened with a fin comb.

Restrictions

A restriction is a condition that is a blockage. Usually, it is traced to the outlet side of the condenser. Some form of debris has formed causing a restriction of refrigerant flow through the condenser tubes.. The passages in the tubes of most condensers that are used in compact cars and trucks are very small. An effective way to diagnose a restriction in your A/C system is the manifold gauge set. The “high-side” (red) gauge would move into the DANGER zone, over 300psi.

System Repairs

When a system has been opened, and a component removed, moisture has entered the system. For your A/C to blow “cold air”, that moisture will have to be removed with the aid of a vacuum pump.

At this stage of the repair, you have two (2) choices to finish the repair of your A/C system. The first choice is take the car or truck to an A/C professional. At their shop, they will evacuate the system, check your work, and recharge the A/C system for a fee.

The second choice is to repair your A/C system yourself. You will need to borrow or buy a vacuum pump to finish the repair. A small 2-stage vacuum pump that is designed for automobile refrigeration systems is available for less than $100.00.

After replacing a component, moisture has entered the system during the repair. For the A/C system to blow “cold air” the moisture will have to be removed. Install the manifold gauge set to your car or truck service valves as described above. After repairs, your A/C system is evacuated and recharged by applying the below steps:

1. Blue hose to the “low-side” service valve.

2. Red hose to the “high-side service valve.

3. Yellow hose to the suction port of the vacuum pump.

4. Close the hand valve to the vacuum pump.

5. Back seat (open) the hand valves on the blue and red gauges of the manifold gauge set.

6. Connect the electrical power to the vacuum pump.

7. Open the hand valve on the vacuum pump.

8. Run the vacuum pump for three (3) minutes.

9. The needle on the “low-side” gauge (blue) show should be in a vacuum at 28.3hg.

10. A system with no leaks will pull a vacuum of 28.3hg in three (3) minutes.

11. If the needle of the blue gauge did not fall to 28.3hg, the evacuation will have to be aborted as there is a leak in your car or truck A/C system.

12. The leak will have to be found in the A/C system using the UV detector and UV glasses.

13. Once the leak has been found and repaired, continue the evacuation steps as described above for 25 minutes.

14. Front seat (close) the hand valves on the blue and red gauges and observe the needle on the blue gauge.

15. The needle should hold steady at 29hg, indicating a tight system with no leaks.

16. Any needle movement toward “0” on the blue “low-side” gauge would indicate a leak in the system and the evacuation would have to be aborted and conduct a search for the leak.

16.Look in the owners manual or service manual for the factory recommended refrigerant charge. It is usually from 16 to 28 ounces.

17.Attach the can tap valve to a can of refrigerant Make sure that the tap valve hand valve is front seated (closed).

18. Turn the A/C control switch to the “ON” position and blower switch to “high”.

19. Start the engine and run at 1500rpm’s.

20. Place the refrigerant can in a pan of hot water. Warning: Do not invert the can for this process as liquid would enter the system and ruin the reed valves of the compressor.

21. Continue this process until the factory charge (approximately 2 1/2 cans) has entered the system.

22. Shutoff your car or truck engine and let the A/C system stabilize. When the readings on the red and blue gauges are equal, remove the blue “low-side” hose from the service valve.

23. Restart the engine and remove the red “high-side” hose from the service valve.

24. Close the hood and take your car or truck for a three (3) mile test drive.

25. Place an instant read or digital thermometer in the vent register in the passenger compartment.

26. The temperature should range from 38 to 42 degrees F on a 90-degree day.

Tools and Materials

1. Manifold gauge set

2. Vacuum pump

3. Hand tools

4. Battery powered UV leak detector

5. Can tap valve

6. 134A refrigerant dye

7. 134A refrigerant

8. Instant read temperature thermometer

9. Digital temperature thermometer

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Source by Darell L. Rains

Ways to Scrap Forklifts

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There comes a time when all of us feel the time period of a machine we bought eons ago has come to an end. There is no point stretching its usage beyond that timeline as it would be a very futile exercise and yield no results. When the time comes to scrap that thing, the decision has to be taken even if with a heavy heart. What next? You just call in a scrap dealer and tell him you want to get rid of this machine? Or do you summon the local wholesaler and strike a deal with him fetching you a good price? These ways, though seem interesting, are not really the right ways to scrap forklifts. There is a better place to scrap forklift.

Warehouses are a nice place to be if you are fond of machines. You hear a lot of noise at these places. Machines screeching, stacks being dragged, heaps of weights being loaded and unloaded and plenty of cacophony can be heard throughout the day. To your interest, the machine that you are in possession of can be found in huge numbers here. They are all over the place. Driven by workmen pressing buttons randomly, the machines are always in slow motion carrying weights around. These are the lifelines of the work happening here in the facility. On the other side of it, which definitely will be remote, such machines can be found split up in parts and being crushed. This is the place to scrap forklifts. It will suffice whilst you think to scrap forklift.

Go to the manager and tell him you have one and plan to scrap it indefinitely. He will let you know the process involved. He will also let you know the money you can through this scrap forklift process. The facility usually has a huge junkyard where the machine is put, its parts segregated, the useless ones being demolished and the important ones being preserved for future use. The whole math is explained by the manager who also lets you know whether the parts retained in the demolition job are any use or not.

This is perhaps the best way to scrap forklifts. There might be better ones, but you as the one driving this ahead ought to put in research and consult people. The better way should be followed. In case you do not find it, you know what to count on!

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Source by Adam John Smith

Windshield Sun Shade – Beat The Heat And Protect Your Vehicle Interior

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The sun is shining down and so is it’s scorching heat. We all like sun bathing and but not dealing with the effects of the heat in our cars. The sun’s UV rays can be harsh to your car’s interior and especially during peak summer months, which makes having a windshield sun shade a necessity for any vehicle. Direct sunlight burning through a car windshield results in extreme temperatures inside your vehicle, and can cause of damage to the dash, seat materials and even personally when coming into contact with hot metal or plastic. Windshield sun shades play a significant role in keeping the car interiors cool and protecting the interior material from fading while the vehicle is parked at the beach, work, airport or anywhere else.

Windshield covers help in reducing the temperature of car’s interior, by effectively obstructing the sun and harmful UV rays. A simple single windshield shade combats 99.5% of harmful UV rays and up to 80% of the solar energy, that can keep your car up to 50 degrees cooler than without it. It features a triple laminate structure where the middle foam core is laminated between the two layers of silver reflective surface and a soft felt inner surface on both sides. The sandwiched foam layer acts as an insulator that protects the car interior and the outer silver surface reflects the harmful rays, thus blocking them from raising the temperature inside the car.

These heat shields are lightweight and made in various forms as well as designs. For ease of use, they are either made to unfold or roll over the windshield. These are made to fit every windshield of almost all car and truck makes and models. These car sunshades are often custom printed with the messages or pictures, for a personal touch that looks quite unique and attractive. The idea triggered many marketing teams of auto dealers, insurance companies, and other businesses who now use this heat shade as a customized platform for their advertising.

In addition to cooling down your sizzling dashboard, there are few more advantages associated with its use. Since the car will remain cooler with a shade, there will be less fuel consumption to cool the car, which consequently will save you money. Another important function performed by this windshield cover is that it hides the things left in the car and prevents people from seeing into your vehicle.

A windshield sun shade is easy to use and gives you all the benefits by allowing your car and truck to stay cool and protected in the sun. By protecting the car interior from detrimental UV rays, it helps retain it’s true market value. There are many reasons to own car sun shield with the most important climbing into a cooler comfortable car when the temperatures are climbing.

To learn more about the benefits of a windshield sun shade and the different styles available visit this excellent online resource.

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Source by Jon Brant