Thinking of Buying a Used Treadmill – Are You Crazy? Do Not Make These 5 Stupid Mistakes

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First things first, decide whether a treadmill is for you. Before you invest several thousand dollars in a treadmill only for it to end up being a clothes hanger, you have several things to consider. With so many people purchasing exercise equipment that they don’t use, the market is full of used exercise equipment in excellent condition and some in not so excellent condition. We’ll address this in later paragraphs. Where do you start? Try checking your local newspaper for individuals selling their equipment, yard sales, and estate sales. You can also find some real bargains via online sources such as online classifieds and eBay. Many areas also have second hand sporting goods stores that sell used fitness equipment. Why not pay them a visit and see what they have to offer? The savings can be significant.

Here are the some great reasons why to buy a treadmill:

1. The treadmill will save you time. You can set your workout schedule and you don’t have to worry about getting to a gym early enough to find an open machine, yours is always available.

2. No excuses, it’s in your house, get off your butt and use it.

3. The treadmill will create opportunities for your kids to be present while you are exercising. Your son or daughter can work on a homework assignment or coloring book and there’s no daycare or babysitter to worry about.

4. No more gym fees. Investing in a treadmill at home means no more spending $25 to $30 a month on a gym membership just to use their equipment. Or even worst spending that money every month and NOT going.

First Things First: Treadmill History 101

Believe it or not, treadmills weren’t always meant for human use. The first treadmills were invented in 1875. Called “level power” treadmills, they came in either large or small, the large ones were used by horses to power threshing machines, and the smaller variety were used by dogs and sheep to power butter churns. It wasn’t until 1952 that cardiologist Robert Bruce, along with his colleague Wayne Quinton, developed a treadmill designed for humans to use. Quinton eventually sold his interest to Stairmaster and the rest was, well, history. You may have heard of Quinton treadmills. The world has proven that the human treadmill was a great idea, its longevity and popularity speak volumes. Sears alone is reported to retail over a billon dollars worth of treadmills a year. The Sporting Goods Manufacturers’ Association maintains that consumers spend more money on treadmills than any other fitness equipment designed for home exercise. There has never been a single year since their first commercial production that treadmill sales have declined. If you require further proof, take a look in any gym. You won’t find many of the pieces of equipment peddled by personal trainers on late-night infomercials. They may be surrounded by much hype, but aren’t always as glorious as they claim to be. And usually cannot not take a real exercise regimen. Treadmills, on the other hand, have consistently proven their usefulness and solid construction over the years, which is why they’re staples in every workout facility. Does not matter if it’s a commercial gym or your local apartment building workout area, chances are you will find a treadmill.

According to a study conducted by the Medical College of Wisconsin and the VA Medical Center in Milwaukee, a sixty-minute run on a treadmill will burn an average of 705 – 865 calories – more than other standard fitness equipment such as rowing machines (at 606 – 739 calories per hour), stationary bicycles (595 – 604 calories), cross-country ski machines (595 – 678 calories), and stair machines (637 – 746 calories). But that’s only the beginning of the benefits offered by the treadmill.

The news is in, and medical experts agree that walking is great exercise. Whether it is a daily power walk around the neighborhood or just a stroll around the block, walking is a great way to lose weight and gain fitness. Unfortunately, however, the weather does not always cooperate when it comes to getting the exercise we need. When it is too rainy, too cold, or too hot outside, it can be quite difficult to keep up with even the most well intentioned exercise regimen. That is perhaps why a treadmill can be such a great purchase, and why treadmills are such popular pieces of exercise equipment. A quality treadmill has a number of important advantages over many other kinds of exercise equipment.

They’re good for any fitness level. Whether you’re just starting your exercise regime or are an old pro, you can find a speed setting that will give you a great cardiovascular challenge.

They’re adjustable. Maybe you feel that you need only a light workout or two or three times a week with a treadmill, you can vary your intensity accordingly.

They’re versatile. Technology has made it possible for today’s treadmills to offer a variety of options. You can choose programs that focus on cardio or fat burning. You can work to improve your speed. You can simulate running uphill. There are pre-set programs, or you can combine varying levels of incline and speed. You may also want to program your own workout.

They’re low-impact, but not impact free. You won’t reach your goal of cardiovascular fitness if you can’t exercise, and you can’t exercise if you’re injured. Running (or walking) on a treadmill is a safe bet. Their surfaces absorb impact and lessen pressure on critical joints much better than running on concrete or asphalt. The chances for injury are greatly lessened with low-impact exercise. Most treadmills have a safety key or safety shut down system just in case you should fall, they will turn off instantly.

They’re convenient. Raining? Snowing? Blistering heat wave? No problem. Treadmills can be used under any weather condition, so you’ll never have to get a rain jacket or sweater in order to use one. Plus, most treadmills available on the market today have places to keep your water bottle, towel and reading material. On some of the new treadmills you can plug your MP3 or iPod right into the treadmill console. Some have TV’s and the internet on them. And, of course, a workout will always fit into any schedule. For example if you get home from work, it’s already dark outside, and you don’t feel comfortable walking alone, you can always hop on the treadmill. No excuses!

If you’re in the market for a treadmill, you may be confused (and surprised!) by the different types and terms you’ll encounter. There are residential home treadmills, light commercial and commercial treadmills. Folding ones, motorized and non-motorized it’s enough to make a novice want to buy a pair of running shoes and hit the road. Let’s break it down a bit and compare the ins and outs of each.

Motorized vs. non-motorized. On a non-motorized, or “manual,” treadmill, your feet do all the work. If you slow down or stop, so does the treadmill. Manual treadmills can be difficult to get started, and if you desire a change of incline during your workout, you have to stop the machine, get off, adjust the incline level, and get it started again. In a nutshell, there’s really no advantage to buying a manual treadmill as opposed to a motorized one. The reason cited most often is the cost. Manual machines are much cheaper than their motorized counterparts, but it’s important to remember that they’re not usually constructed as well, either. If it’s cost-effectiveness you’re concerned with, it isn’t hard to find slightly used motorized treadmills for a fraction of what they’d cost brand new. We’ll discuss this at more length in a minute. Think of all the people who buy treadmills then never use them and are willing to part with them just to get them out of the way! My thought is if you are looking for a manual treadmill just walk outside or inside and save yourself some time and money.

Some other considerations that you must address before purchasing any exercise equipment would include number of users, maximum weight of the users, and frequency of use. Also know that all treadmills are rated for a maximum user weight. A user exceeding the maximum weight rating chances cracking the walking deck or at worse burning out the moving parts rather quickly. Lower end models generally are rated at a maximum of 250 pounds. It is also recommended that you purchase a treadmill with a CHP (Continuous Horsepower) motor as opposed to a THP (Total Horsepower) motor. Lower end treadmills will have a DC powered motor, while many commercial treadmills may have AC powered motors.

Also check the application of the treadmill, most residential treadmills are labeled for “In Home Use” only. The warranty will be void if used in a gym or other commercial type setting i.e.: condominium or apartment workout rooms. Most residential treadmills will use a regular 110 volt outlet, while most commercial treadmills may use 220 volt outlet. If you’re confused about which type of motorized treadmill to buy, it pays to do a little research and comparison. Ideally, you’ll want to purchase a machine that has 1.5 – 2.5 CHP motor.

OK, after all this you still want a treadmill?

1. Before You Head Off To Make A Purchase

Take into account how much space you have available. Obviously, if you live in a small apartment or have a limited amount of space, you’re not going to want a large treadmill. You need to know how much space you have to store and use the equipment. Fortunately, there are pieces of fitness equipment available that you can fold and easily store. If you’re pressed for space, these can be an excellent alternative to bulky equipment. You must realize that most full size treadmills will take up a foot print (floor space) of 3 feet wide by 6 feet long. Most ICON Fitness treadmills do fold, you will find these treadmills at your big box retailers like Sears, Costco and Wal Mart. Also at specialty retailers like Dick’s Sporting Goods and The Sports Authority. They are sold under many of the following brand names, Nordic Track, Pro Form, Weslo, Weider, Epic, Healthrider, Gold’s Gym, Free Motion, ICON, Reebok, Body Fit, IMAGE, iFit.com, Sears, Horizon, Ironman and Smooth, just to name a few. As a side note in 2007 some of the manufactures also starting making ellipticals that fold, but that is a totally different subject.

2. Consider The Expense Of The Appropriate Treadmill

This sounds like a no brainer right, the cheaper the better. But you need to consider how much would the treadmill you “need” cost new. When I say “need” I mean, “runner vs. walker”, “Usage vs. number of users”. Don’t be penny wise and dollar foolish. Not every less expensive treadmill is a good deal. The phrase “you get what you pay for” most certainly applies to exercise equipment. If you are a serious exerciser or runner you will need to spend more money to get a model that will last and offers features that most runners expect. If you want a treadmill and you are a serious runner then a budget for a new treadmill might be in the $ 1500.00 to $ 3,500.00 dollar range. This would be considered a Light Commercial Treadmill. If you are a walker, a few times a week, for only 30 minutes at a time then your new treadmill budget might be in the $ 700.00 to $ 1,500.00 dollar area. This is considered a Residential Treadmill. So if you are a serious exerciser the new treadmill average would be $ 2,500.00 dollars. On the other hand a purchasing a used light commercial treadmill you might consider spending in the $ 800.00 to $ 1,500.00 dollar range.

If you are a walker your new average treadmill budget would be $ 1,000.00 dollars. Then you should consider spending $ 400.00 to $ 700.00 dollars for the used residential treadmill. No one says you have to have the fanciest equipment in order to meet your fitness goals. Even if you’re on a tight budget, you have lots of available options. A few sets of dumbbells may be all you need to build and tone muscle and something as simple as a jump rope can give you an excellent cardiovascular work out. Don’t underestimate these simple solutions! You may want to give them a try before investing in a treadmill that takes up space. After all, who wants to spend money an elaborate treadmill that may become a clothes hanger?

3. Establish Your Exercise Goals

This should always be a high priority. Exercise goals should be clearly thought out before considering the purchase of any type of fitness equipment. You don’t know how many customers I ask, how often do you use the treadmill? They will tell me at great length the amount of usage the treadmill is getting and then I will check the “hours used” function on the treadmill, only to find out that after 5 years of ownership, the treadmill has less than 100 hours usage. Is your goal to achieve better cardiovascular health or is it to build and tone muscle? If cardiovascular health is your primary goal, a treadmill, stair climber, elliptical, upright bike or a recumbent bike might be the best option. If you want to tone or build muscle, choose a machine that allows you to do resistance training, preferably with weights. This could be a cable system, free weights or resistance bands.

4. Features, Features, Features

Decide what’s important to you. What is the maximum speed? Does the treadmill incline? If so, how high of a percentage? Do you need programs? Do you want to make your own programs? How about items like fans, TV’s, orthopedic walking belts, large console displays, book holder. Does the treadmill only have front rails or does it also have side rails? Heart monitors, did you need this feature for medical reasons? Do you want a model with a wireless heart rate detector? If so, is the treadmill capable of this feature and if it is, will this be an additional expense?

5. Ok, Ready Set Shop

Hit the used exercise equipment stores, if you need to feel and touch your purchase. Some areas have “Play It Again Sports” stores which specialize in used equipment. Check the Yellow Pages. But you may find better discounts on-line. Just like shopping for a new car, the best time for purchasing a used treadmill is when the new models start coming out for the Christmas shopping season. The Christmas to New Year’s Eve time is the “season” for retailers of exercise equipment. This is due to the fact that most exercise equipment buyers find a need to get in shape for the holidays, with company parties on the horizon, and New Years resolutions right around the corner. They may want to trade up to a better model and you may get a great deal on a used one at this time. Purchasing a used or reconditioned treadmill from a dealer can definitely be a smarter purchase. The exercise equipment dealer will usually have done all the maintenance and replaced any needed parts. They will clean the treadmill and make sure it is safety ready for its new owner. The dealer will usually offer delivery, setup and some type of limited parts and labor warranty. You may have to pay a little more money to purchase from a reputable exercise equipment dealer, but the added expense may well be worth it. Especially if they include a warranty, delivery and setup all for one price. Can you purchase an extended warranty? I’ve always believed that extended warranties are money well spent, especially since treadmills can be expensive to repair.

Always be cautious on purchasing a used treadmill from a private party. Have you heard of “Buyer Beware”? Well if that saying ever was appropriate it is here and now. Do you know that most consumers when purchasing a treadmill whether new or used only “test” it for an average of 30 seconds? That’s right; they walk on the treadmill for 30 seconds and make a major decision. Large manufactures have timed customers without them knowing and this is a proven fact, 30 seconds. Now, why do I mention this, because treadmills tend to take a beating, and one of the biggest technical problems a treadmill can have is that it will shut down after 30, 40 or 60 minutes. It’s over heating, it may have a bad motor, worn walking belt or other electrical problems. So will your 30 second test run tell you that this “Great Deal” of a treadmill won’t be such a great deal when you get it home and it shuts down during your first workout? Treadmills can be big and heavy, not for the average person to be lugging around.

You may have to pay a little more money to purchase from a reputable exercise equipment dealer, but think of the time and effort you may save. Are you shopping on eBay, Craig’s List or some other internet sites? Check closely, many internet deals are for “Local Delivery Only”. Do you have to pick it up and set it back up once you get it home? How will you get it home? Do you know how to un-assemble the treadmill and re-assemble it without breaking it? You may have to un-assemble the treadmill just to get it through doorways. How old it the treadmill? Even though you may be hearing that it was only used once by my grandmother, beware, especially if it’s over 10 years old. Personally, I wouldn’t purchase a treadmill over 10 years old, so be careful. And of course no matter where you are buying the used treadmill from negotiate, negotiate, negotiate.

Bottom line, if you’ve decided that a treadmill is for you, you must remember that not every less expensive treadmill is for you and it may not necessarily be a good deal. It pays to be well educated with well defined fitness goals before making a purchase of an expensive piece of fitness equipment you may never use. After all, do you really want to look at that abandoned clothes hanger for a treadmill every time you go home? But you can get a “Great” deal with a little education and patience.

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Source by Forest Wakefield

12V Battery – Many Uses

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The 12v battery can be found in a wide variety of forms that look nothing like each other at all. While some may look similar to a regular AA battery only a bit shorter and stockier other 12 volt portable power amps can be much larger than a regular battery weighing six pounds or more. With such a wide variety of styles and designs there are several different uses for the twelve volt battery.

Types of Battery

12 volts come in several different models, but there are two general types, rechargeable and non rechargeable. While non rechargeable batteries are less expensive up front, the price of buying them over and over quickly outweighs the cost of buying rechargeable batteries and a charger just once. If you go through large quantities of 12v battery packs in a short amount of time, then investing in rechargeable models may save you hundreds of dollars each year.

Uses for 12 Volts

There are a lot of uses for these types of batteries including twelve volt portable power devices like travel fridges, fish radars and much more. The 12v battery is a popular item with many hunters and campers because of it’s portability and the number of devices that can use it. Many fisherman use them to operate portable refrigerators which keep fish and bait fresh throughout the trip. Campers use them for similar types of portable items as well.

Another place that large 12v batteries are often found is in the ride on vehicles for children that are often used for outdoor entertainment. Many of the popular toy manufacturers that make miniature versions of your favorite vehicles for kids to ride in use 6 or 12v power sources to give the cars their get up and go.

Going Green

Some rechargeable 12v batteries can be used with a solar charger to make them even more eco-friendly. Investing in a solar charger will allow you to recharge your power sources throughout the day regardless of your location. Whether you are sitting at home, camping out by the lake or fishing in an old fashioned boat, solar 12 volt battery charger panels can effectively collect sunlight and charge your batteries while you go about your business.

Twelve volt portable power batteries come in dozens of shapes and sizes to fit your needs, whatever they may be. From flashlights and toys to boating equipment, the uses for batteries are constantly growing, and with solar charging options your power source can keep going strong without costing you anything extra. Whether you are a camper, a fisher, a kid with a battery operated jeep or just a gadget lover you can be sure to meet your needs with a 12v battery collection.

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Source by John Parkhamson

Sales Scripts Success Secret For Selling Automobiles

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Sales scripts work. Plain and simple. And they are especially effective in automobile sales. Strange as it may be, salespeople in general have pretty bad press. Add automobile sales people into the mix, then you’ve probably got one of the worst preconceived notions of a salesperson that you ever could have. Why? That’s because the stereotype of an automobile salesman is a fast talking, high pressure person, out to make a fast buck, and probably selling something dodgy in the process.

In the car sales arena, sales scripts receive little training and are hardly ever used. Objective studies that have been carried out recently into a salesperson`s patter, regardless of the industry, reveals that a more easygoing, genuinely helpful approach wins more sales than the high pressure approach. So using sales scripts, no matter what niche of the market you are in, could well help increase your sales.

Consider this, naturally gifted automobile sales people are rare. The ones who do have the natural talent for sales tend to be fast talkers who rely on their confident delivery to rush people headlong into a decision. But making a sale doesn’t have to be done this way. As the study suggests, a consultative approach is proven to yield better results. Because this new consultation approach is unfamiliar to most sales hardened car sales people, sales scripts help guide the interaction and steady the pace.

Sales scripts work for automobile sales people in the same way that film scripts work for actors. They are used to maintain excitement, energy, and enthusiasm in the dialogue. More importantly, scripts guide the actors throughout the production. Similarly, sales scripts guide the sales professional maintaining the focus on the prospect and vehicle.

Sales scripting is not a new idea. It was first researched back in 1938 when Elmer Wheeler researched over 105,000 words and phrases over a 10 year period. He published his findings in the book “Tested Sentences That Sell“. He concluded that “There are no magic words that sell, but there is word magic.” Wheeler advocated that using tested “word magic” can significantly increase sales.

Sales scripts are becoming more widely used across a larger cross-section of sales markets, and some leading automobile dealerships are beginning to look at the benefits of employing this sales methodology. In the past, automobile salespeople have been accused of being over aggressive. For example, as soon as you arrive at the store you often get a sales person tagging onto you very quickly, asking you what it is you’re looking for. This can immediately put you on the defensive. You feel under pressure and usually respond with something like “Just browsing”, or you might even leave the store. Whereas it is nice to be recognized when you do arrive, you don’t want to feel that you are being pushed into anything, and this is exactly where sales scripts can really help to change how a sales person interacts with the prospect.

A good example of a scripted opening, and my favorite from Joe Verde, is “Who is the lucky one for the new vehicle, you or somebody else?” This sort of opening makes for an easy introduction, doesn’t exert any pressure, and allows the prospect to easily answer. This scripted phrase has statistically proved to be a winning opening for me.

In summary, the methodology of using sales scripts involves selecting statistically proven winners and involving the sales staff in implementing them. Sales scripting can dramatically increase sales, no matter what the industry. With automobile sales suffering, good sales scripting could really turn your business around. Simply put, sales scripting works.

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Source by Jeffrey Doucet

DIY Brake Pad Replacement – How to Change Pads and Avoid Common Mistakes

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Doing your own brake job, if done properly can save a lot of money. But if a brake job is done improperly it could very well cost more than if a professional was paid to do the job to begin with. I’ve done hundreds of brake jobs in the last 25 years as a Master Auto Technician and in this article I’ll outline some of the basics. I also point out some common mistakes that beginners and even pros can make when doing a brake job.

Pulsating?

If the car shakes when the brakes are applied, this means that the brake rotors are warped. Excessive side to side run-out causes the car to shake especially when stopping quickly from highway speeds. The rotors can be machined or resurfaced to make them true again as long as they are thick enough. If there is no pulsation or brake shake, brake pads can be replaced without machining them. In my experience though, if machining or replacing the rotors is not done when doing a brake job, most of the time there will be excessive squeaking noises after a very short time. I recommend taking care of the rotors by having them machined or replaced when doing the brake job.

Lifting the Car Safely

Sounds a little too basic doesn’t it? I’ve seen many people under cars without having a jack stand in place for safety. Hydraulic jacks are great, but what if one slips or fails in some way while someones under the car working? I can’t emphasize enough the importance of having the car safely raised with a jack stand in place, just in case the car falls for some reason. A jack stand under the car is very important for anytime work is to be done under the car, like for oil changes, starter replacement or any other job that could crush a person if the jack failed. I once worked with a mechanic that was changing his starter at home. His hydraulic jack had a slow leak and before he realized that the car was lowering gradually onto him, he was pinned under the car and couldn’t get out from under it. The compressing of his chest only allowed him to take very shallow breaths of air, which limited his ability to cry for help! Luckily a friend stopped by, saw what was happening and raised the car for him. If not for luck this could have had a totally different outcome, his mistake could have cost him his life.

Removing Wheels, Calipers and Rotors

After removing the wheels find the caliper bolts and check to see what type of head the bolts have to determine what tools will be needed. Common fasteners will have either regular bolt heads, allen or torx. Typically there will be two bolts holding the caliper and two bolts holding the caliper bracket. Usually just the caliper can be removed if just replacing the brake pads. Suspend the caliper with an elastic cord or something similar to prevent the weight of the caliper from possibly damaging the brake hose. If the rotor is being removed to be machined or replaced most of the time the caliper bracket will need to be removed as well. Rotors will either just slide off or on older style setups will be held on by the wheel bearings. Most cars today will have rotors that slide off. The wheel bearings on this design are not serviceable, meaning they are lifetime greased and can only be replaced when they fail so they are not repacked with grease during a brake job like in the past.

Pushing the Piston

Pushing the brake caliper piston back in is required to install the new brake pads. The piston slowly extends out as the brake pads wear. This is why no brake adjustment is needed for the disc brake system, it’s basically self adjusting. Big channel lock pliers can be used to compress the piston back into the caliper. There are also brake tools that can be used to push the piston back in. A big C-clamp used to be my favorite method for returning the piston back into the caliper. If working on rear disc brakes, a piston wind back tool like the KD 41540 (one of DenLors best sellers) is usually required to push and turn the pistons back in. It is recommended to open the brake bleeder screw when pushing the piston, this allows it to go back in easier and prevents possible damage to the master cylinder and/or ABS (Anti Lock Brakes) pump or valves from forcing old fluid back into the system. Closing the bleeder valve immediately after the caliper piston is pushed back in will insure that bleeding the brakes will not be necessary. If dust boots in the caliper are broken, caliper replacement is necessary. Broken boots will allow moisture and dirt to enter the surrounding area of the piston and will cause it to stick or seize. There are slides on some caliper brackets that can freeze up or seize also that can cause uneven pad wear. The slides should be taken apart and lubricated with silicone gel or disc brake grease. The slides must work freely for the brakes to work properly.

Installing the Brake Pads and Calipers

Take note of any possible differences in left side brake pads and right side brake pads. Also there is sometimes differences in inboard and outboard brake pads. Obviously the friction part of the brake pad goes towards the rotor. My uncle a long time ago, before I ever started working on cars did a brake job on his Cadillac. I remember hearing that he placed the brake pads in backwards! He ruined his brake rotors. It seems like an impossible mistake, but when you’re not familiar with what you’re doing anything is possible. With aftermarket brake pads, most of the time they will come with their own noise insulators that fit onto the back of the pads. Some will have adhesive backs that will have plastic to peel off before installing, others may have tabs built into them. Note that if these are supplied, the OE (Original Equipment) pad insulators will not be re-used. After the pads are in place, be careful not to TWIST the brake caliper hoses when putting the calipers back on. It’s a common mistake to twist them and the hoses can kink on turns.

Pump the Brake Pedal!

After everything is back together, it’s time for a test drive. But first pump the brake pedal before putting the car in gear! The pedal will go to the floor and you may be headed for a crash if you don’t. When the pedal is pumped the pistons are pushed out and the pedal becomes firm. There was an auto technician that I worked with that forgot to pump the brakes after doing a brake job. He backed out of his service bay, when he hit the the brakes the car kept going and he drove into the car that was half way up on the rack behind him. It broke the rear window of the car he was driving, luckily there was no other damage.

There are many types of brake systems but most disc brakes are basically the same. Following the steps I’ve listed here should help in replacing your brake pads. But if you are not completely confident, it’s always a good idea to ask a friend that has some hands on experience to help guide you through your first brake job.

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Source by Dennis Bandy

Chinese Wedding Custom 2 – Wedding Day

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The Wedding Day! 大喜日

Fetching the bride 迎亲

If the bride’s family required a matchmaker 媒婆for the chinese wedding, she will accompany the groom to fetch the bride. The matchmaker, or Best man if there is no matchmaker, will carry a red tray containing a red packet with the bride’s price, a piece of raw pork front leg which is the mother’s reward for bringing up the bride, even number of oranges, dried persimmons, longan, lotus seeds, and magnolia petals (pak hup).

The red tray will be returned with the oranges replaced in even numbers to signify that the newly joined families will share their good fortune. An even numbered portion of the bride’s price will be returned in the red packet. Even numbered cans of pork trotters or a red packet may be used instead of the raw pork leg.

Bride’s younger brother to open the bridal car door 小舅开车门

The groom must not open the car door when he arrives to fetch his bride. The bride’s younger brother will pass him two oranges before opening the door. The two oranges will be left in the bridal car for good fortune. The groom will give this younger brother a red packet after he opens the car door. If the bride has no younger brother, a younger male relative or a younger male friend can play the role.

Kiss the bride! 亲亲新娘

The groom and the brothers’ troop will be served sweet desserts with pink rice ball and snacks at the bride’s home. The groom will enter the bride’s room and lift her veil to kiss her. Taoist couple will pray to the bride’s ancestors and family gods before leaving the bride’s home.

Chinese Wedding Ceremony 过门/拜堂成亲

The chinese were mainly Taoists or ancestor worshipers before foreign religions such as Christianity, Muslim or Buddhism enter China. Taoists believed in the power of heaven and earth to witness important events on earth. It was also believed that a parent or family elder must acknowledge a union for it to be official.

In traditional chinese wedding ceremony the bride and groom will first pray to heaven and earth, then to the groom parents or family elders and lastly bow to each other 一拜天地,二拜高堂,夫妻交拜. The three prayers sealed the marriage. The couple was escorted into the bridal chamber, the equivalent of the bridal room, to consummate their marriage.

Modern chinese wedding skip the ritual of the three prayers. The bride and groom will enter the bridal room directly after entering the groom’s home. Groom’s family members will hide in the house to avoid clashing of fortune with the new couple. After the family members have returned to the family hall, the couple will join them. The Taoist bride and groom will pray to the groom’s ancestors and family gods at this time.

Wedding Tea Ceremony 敬茶

Without the traditional three prayers, the tea ceremony becomes the most significant event in the modern chinese wedding ceremony. The bride and groom are formally introduced to each other’s family through this ceremony.

It will usually take place on the wedding day when most of the family members are present. If some members are not available, supplementary sessions can be conducted at the wedding dinner or at other convenient times and locations.

Sweet tea boiled with dried longan, lotus seeds and red dates are used for the Tea ceremony. The tea ceremony gifts such as red packets or jewellery are presented on the serving plate after drinking the tea.

Bride’s home visit 三朝回门

Traditionally the bride’s home visit is three days after the chinese wedding ceremony. For efficiency, modern chinese wedding usually compressed all the necessary events into a single day.

After the tea ceremony at the groom’s family home, the bride will change out of her western style wedding gown to symbolise passing of three days!

Bride’s younger brother to escort the bride home 小舅伴新娘回门

The bride’s younger brother will arrive at the groom’s home with a wedding basket 油篮 filled with toiletries, perfumed oils and make-up for his sister.

The bridal car will fetch the bride’s younger brother to the groom’s home. The groom will welcome the younger brother by opening the car door for him.

Gifts for the bride’s home visit 回门礼

The bride’s home visit is the couple’s first visit to her parent’s home as a married couple. Other than the gifts for her parents, the couple gives red packets to all the elder members and children in the family.

In the past, many dialect groups required gifts of a pair of sugar cane, at least a pair of live rooster and hen. These带路鸡 “dai lu ji” were supposed to lead the way. The return gift of a rooster and hen will be put under the bridal bed back at the groom’s home. It was believed that the firstborn will be male if the rooster came out first.

To simplify matters most of these gifts are no longer required or are replaced by red packets for modern chinese weddings. Nowadays, only symbolic items are required. Tangerines or mandarin oranges 橘子”Juzi” sounds like good fortune 吉 “Ji” in chinese and must be included as part of the gifts. If tangerines are out of season, oranges can be used instead.

If one of the bride’s parents is cantonese, the roast pig 烧猪is definitely required as part of the gifts for the bride’s home visit. For non-cantonese, sometimes roast pork 烧肉 instead of a whole roast pig is requested.

For teochew, two big red packets of their favorite traditional peanut and sesame candies豆条芝麻条 are usually requested. For hokkiens, combinations of popped rice blocks, or popped rice and sesame rolls, peanut chewy candies, bean paste cookies米方麻佬贡糖豆沙饼 are usually requested.

A portion of all gifts are returned to signify sharing of fortune between the two families.

During the bride’s home visit, a sweet soup with lotus seeds, dried longan, dates and pink rice balls will be served to wish the couple a sweet harmonious marriage.

The modern chinese wedding ceremony is completed after the bride’s home visit. The wedding banquet may be on the same day or another day as it is just an announcement and celebration of the marriage.

The couple and the parents will give red packets to all the helpers at the wedding including beauticians, drivers, bestmen and bridesmaids, matchmaker, photographers, videographers, receptionists and ushers, etc.

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Source by Jina Boo

Advantages and Disadvantages of MIG Welding

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MIG Welding or commonly known as Metal Inert Gas Welding uses inert gases such as argon in the welding process. Its more technical term is Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW).

History of MIG Welding

This process has been developed during World War II in view of meeting the demands for weapons, which continued until the post-war era.

Nature of the Welding Process

Essentially, this type of welding uses argon and other inert gases during the process. The use of inert gases differentiates it from MAG welding which utilizes active gases such as carbon dioxide.

These inert gases provide shield and protection to the welding puddle and arc.

Significant Advantages of the Welding Process

First, the simplicity of the procedure involved. The entire process requires the constant contact between the electrode and the welding arc. This contact, which may also be described as “feeding,” allows the arc to remain at a fixed position thereby facilitating the production of welds.

The prevalent use of MIG Welding in most homes is a proof of the simplicity of this procedure.

Also, such simplicity contributes greatly to the speed of the process, in turn, its relatively lower costs.

Second, high quality results produced. It commonly uses inert gases as shields from spatter. Less spatter results in cleaner surfaces with a touch of aesthetic appeal.

Further, it may be done in any position; thus, provides more flexibility to the welder. This also ensures high quality welding even in confined areas.

The current use of this process in automation, robots, car hoods and similar others prove the optimum quality of the welded surfaces.

Third, the applicability of the welding process to a wide range of metals. Metals ranging from the common aluminum to the rare and fragile thin sheet used in car bodies can all be subjected to this process.

Significant Disadvantages of the Welding Process

There are two significant disadvantages of this welding process: a) the full focus and concentration the process requires; and b) its inapplicability in certain cases.

Full focus and concentration is needed during the entire process since it entails constant contact between the electrode and the welding arc; thus, even the mundane act of scratching one’s hair is not possible.

With respect to the second disadvantage, the process is inapplicable in welding thick steel due to its inability to penetrate well the surface. Also, when surfaces of metals are not clean, this welding process cannot produce optimum results.

Indeed, the disadvantages of MIG welding are outweighed by its advantages, particularly the simplicity of its procedure. Such simplicity allows even an inexperienced user to weld by himself a few broken fixtures at home.

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Source by Albert Michelin

Halloween Costume Ideas – 25 Homemade Costumes to Make

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Halloween costumes are fun to create. Many items to use with your Halloween costume can be found in your own home or at your area thrift store. Creating costumes can be inexpensive and lots of fun to make and to wear. You’ll find some of these will even work as last minute Halloween costume ideas.

Here are 25 costume ideas to help inspire you to make your own costume this year. It can be pretty simple to put a costume together and after you decide on one, browse the online Halloween retailer’s websites for your costume. You may get a few more ideas. Use your imagination and creativity when making a costume, as this makes the costume unique and truly yours.

Dracula: For this scary costume you will need a pair of black pants, a long sleeve white shirt, a black jacket and a white vest. Wear a black cape with a collar and a gold necklace. Slick your hair back with hair gel. Wear pale face make-up, dark eyes and bloody lips with blood also dripping from the mouth and of course, vampire teeth.

A Witch: You will need a long black dress with long sleeves, a witch’s hat, black shoes and a broom. Wear green and gray face make-up and dark gray lipstick. A fake wart on your nose would help too. Blacken out some of your teeth for a really ugly effect.

Tom Sawyer: Wear overalls that look worn, a dull plaid shirt and be sure to go bare footed. Place a straw hat on your head and chew on a piece of straw that is somewhat long. You can also add freckles to your checks and make your feet look dirty.

A Genie: You will need a pair of loose-fitting pants that fit tight around the ankles and a halter top or vest to match. Use a brightly colored scarf as a belt tied around the waist. Wear wide bracelets on your arms and large loop earrings. Go barefoot. Make a turban out of fabric and add a large plastic jewel on the front of the turban with fabric glue. If you can’t find the pants this outfit calls for, then use a pair of loose-fitting pants and, tie the pants down to your ankles with colorful ribbon and make the pants look puffy.

Instead of a turban, you could pull your hair up into a pony tail on top of your head. Add some bling in your hair. Drape a thin scarf across the bottom part of your face.

Peter Pan: Using dark green fabric, make a tunic that hits above the knee and has a jagged hem and jagged sleeves. Wear opaque black or green tights, a black belt and black shoes. Make a hat using the green fabric and add a feather to the hat. Place a dagger under your belt and you’re Peter Pan.

Igor: For this costume you will need a very large lab coat or white long sleeve shirt. Place stuffing into a pillowcase and sew it into the inside of the shirt for the hump. (You could also just use Velcro to keep it in place). Wear a pair of raggedy pants with holes in the knee areas. For a belt, use a rope and tie it in the front. An old and dull looking t-shirt that is ripped at the collar, sleeve and hem looks great. Carry a jar of brown colored water (use food dye) with a chunk of cauliflower in it for the brain. Shave your head and walk hunched over… shaving your head is optional.

Jack and the Beanstalk: For this costume, wear all green and wrap wired silk ivy all over yourself from head to toe. Using a straw hat, glue cotton balls on the hat for a cloud effect. A sprig of ivy should come out of the top of the hat. Make a tunic for a Ken doll and Ken becomes Jack, and you are the beanstalk. Carry a bag of beans to hand out.

Octomom: This is a really fun one. Wear long dark hair and big very red lips. Attach eight baby dolls all over yourself and you are ready to go.

Indiana Jones: For this costume you will need a brown hat with a brim. Use a rope for the whip and attach a handle – or use a jump rope, pull off one of the handles and spray paint the rope and handle. Wear brown paints, a tan shirt and brown boots. Wear a leather jacket. Use a rough sponge and brown makeup to create beard stubble. Add a few lines of dirt around your cheekbones, temples and under the jaw line.

A Sorcerer: For a sorcerer, use a long black or dark colored robe with long drooping sleeves and a robe belt (use a drapery tieback for the belt). Hang mystical items from the belt such as a pouch, herbs, crystals, and carry a staff.

Mrs. Claus: For this cute outfit glue cotton balls on a shower cap for the hair. Wear a white button down shirt, long white skirt, a red apron, red and white striped stockings and wire rim glasses on the tip of your nose. Add rosy red cheeks and you’re ready.

A Hunter: This one is really easy. Wear camouflage clothing, a hunter’s vest with lots of pockets, a camouflage hat, gloves and rubber boots. Carry binoculars, a canteen and a fake rifle.

A Devil: Wear red tights and a red turtleneck shirt. Make pointed ears out of red felt. Make the horns out of red felt with wire inserted or foam painted red and attach them to a headband. Make the tail out of felt with an arrow shape at the end and insert wire into the felt. Cover all the exposed skin with red body paint. Take a black brow pencil and draw your eyebrows at a sharp outward angle. Color your lips red or black.

Cat Burglar: This guy wears all black. Wear black leggings, a black turtleneck, black stocking cap, black socks and shoes, black eye mask and black gloves. Hang some tools from a belt and wear around your waist. Carry a sack over your shoulder.

Tinkerbell: Cut the hem of a short green dress into a jagged pattern. Put your hair in a bun and wear very little makeup (mainly, a little blush, lip gloss and mascara). Wear green flats with pompoms on top. Wear little fairy wings and carry a wand and a big smile.

The Easter Bunny:To be the Easter Bunny wear white sweatpants and a white hooded sweatshirt. Using wire and white and pink felt, make the bunny ears and attach them to the hood of the sweatshirt. Cut an oval shape out of the pink felt for the bunny’s chest and attach it to the front of the sweatshirt. Create a bunny nose and whiskers using makeup and wear white gloves. Carry a basket filled with colorful plastic eggs.

A Soldier: Wear military clothing such as: fatigues, hat or helmet, black boots, dog tags, utility belt with canteen and a fake grenade. Camouflage your face and carry a fake gun.

Teen Wolf: Wear a basketball costume and headband. Buy some fake fur from a craft store and using spirit gum attach it to any exposed skin. Wear rubber fingernails and high top tennis shoes.

A Rapper: For this hip guy you will wear baggy jeans that sag down your hips, a t-shirt and hoodie, a baseball cap tilted on your head, gold chain, big watch, a grill on your teeth (silver gum wrapper will work for the grill) and cool tennis.

Black Eyed P: This costume is super quick and easy. Wear a white t-shirt and with a black marker draw the letter P on it (be sure it is a large P). Using black face make-up, give yourself one black eye. Now you are a black eyed P.

Circus Clown: Wear coveralls over a brightly colored long sleeve shirt, converse tennis shoes (the older the better) and a clown wig or color your own hair with colored spray. Paint your face white and create a clown look that you like. Carry a noise maker and spray silly string.

School Crossing Guard: This one is quick and easy. You will need to wear dark colored clothes (slacks and button down shirt), a whistle around the neck and carry a stop sign.

Rock ‘n Roll Star: All you need to be a rock star is a pair of leather pants, leather jacket or vest, spiked dog collar, fake tattoos, long haired wig or spiked hair, and sunglasses. Be sure and carry a toy guitar.

A Used Car Salesman: Slick your hair back using lots of hair cream. Wear a plaid polyester suit, a button down shirt and several neck chains. Hand out business cards you made yourself and tell people you can get them a great deal.

Marge Simpson: Wear a Marge Simpson wig or make a wig out of blue yarn. Wear a green tube type dress with elastic around the top, orange flat shoes and a bead necklace. Use make up to color your skin yellow.

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Source by Zoey Cory

Alcohol – An Alternative Fuel For the Future

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Alcohol fuels such as ethanol have recently been touted as cutting-edge, future fuels, clean alternatives to gasoline or diesel. Alcohol is a completely renewable resource, as it can be fermented or chemically extracted from practically any substance containing carbohydrates (most commonly starches or sugars). The use of alcohol as a vehicle fuel could greatly contribute to oil independence in the very near future, but just how ‘green’ is it, as an alternative to petroleum based fuels?

Henry Ford’s first vehicle used an alcohol-powered motor, and Ford envisioned alcohol as the primary vehicle fuel as early as 1925, telling the New York Times that, “The fuel of the future is going to come from fruit … or from apples, weeds, sawdust – almost anything,” he said. “There is fuel in every bit of vegetable matter that can be fermented. There is enough alcohol in one year’s yield of an acre of potatoes to drive the machinery necessary to cultivate the fields for a hundred years.” Although frequently discredited for his private viewpoints and political associations, no one can honestly claim that Ford was anything less than a visionary when it comes to automobile technology. A farmer himself, and champion of the American farm industry, Ford made his first car out of hemp plastics and fueled it with plant-based alcohol. He envisioned the growth of the automobile industry going hand-in-hand with that of the farming industry. So if we’ve known about this alternative fuel for over a century, why have we not been using it?

This sustainable vision of the future was largely suppressed by heavy lobbying from the petroleum industry, which included a smear campaign against Ford, claiming that his plan would make farmers rich at the expense of the common consumer. Some historians and theorists even credit Rockefeller, the billionaire oil tycoon, with heavily funding the prohibition movement in order to eliminate the potential competition from alcohol fuels. Until recently the falsely low prices of gasoline outweighed the environmental effects for most consumers, but as we are faced with the staggering effects of global warming our collective conscience urges us to seek alternatives. The earliest internal combustion engines, such as the Model A, were designed to run on either alcohol or gas, and small, inexpensive modifications can be made to allow modern vehicles to run on alcohol. In fact, over two million cars in Brazil have been modified to run on alcohol, which is no coincidence as Brazil has a huge industry in place that distills ethanol from sugar cane. The United States has also launched a massive ethanol production industry, using corn as its feedstock. Growing crops specifically for ethanol production, however, has sparked much debate about the practicality of this practice. The main arguments are: vast tracts of land are deforested, or the natural habitat destroyed, to make room for corn or sugar cane farms, thereby negating any possible benefits concerning global warming; and world food shortages may be exacerbated by dedicating fertile land to fuel production. Both of these issues can be addressed by using alternative ‘feed stocks’ for ethanol creation and many alternatives have been proposed. As Henry Ford said, “almost anything” can be used for ethanol fermentation, including agricultural wastes or food byproducts. Some of the most interesting alternatives are rice straw, which is typically burned in the fields (releasing vast quantities of greenhouse gasses) and human waste, which we currently spend billions of dollars and fossil fuel generated electricity to process. Let us imagine, then, that we can create a completely carbon-neutral process for generating alcohol fuels. How clean burning is the fuel, and what are its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with gasoline or diesel?

The famous Indianapolis 500 has used methanol as its official required fuel since the 1960s, because it is not a variable mix of chemicals like gasoline, delivers more power in correctly adjusted engines, and burns cooler than gasoline. Using currently common engine technology, alcohol has less power per volume, thereby delivering fewer miles per gallon. So, alcohol fuel tanks might need to be larger to deliver the same kind of travel distance as gasoline or diesel. One of the greatest advantages conferred by the use of alcohol is the elimination of extremely harmful compounds like tetraethyl lead, benzene, toluene, sulfur and many others. The high “octane” rating of alcohol, rather its resistance to premature detonation, eliminates the problem of engine “knocking” (which was the original reason for creating leaded gasoline). Alcohol is also safer than gasoline because of its lower volatility, meaning that it is less likely to ignite from heat or sparks. Sounds great, right? But at the moment of combustion, when used in a vehicle engine, how do the emissions of this fuel alternative stack up? Alcohol is actually a remarkably cleaner-burning fuel, emits up to 95% less carbon monoxide and delivers great reductions in or complete elimination of volatile chemicals and poisons. The total reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can be as high as 75% when using high-proof alcohols.

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Source by Samuel Lewis